While bees delight in opening flowers

Sir James MacMillan (16 luglio 1959): The Gallant Weaver per coro a cappella (1997) su testo di Robert Burns. The Sixteen, dir. Harry Christophers

Where Cart rins rowin’ to the sea,
By mony a flower and spreading tree,
There lives a lad, the lad for me,
He is a gallant Weaver.
O, I had wooers aught or nine,
They gied me rings and ribbons fine;
And I was fear’d my heart wad tine,
And I gied it to the Weaver.

My daddie sign’d my tocher-band,
To gie the lad that has the land,
But to my heart I’ll add my hand,
And give it to the Weaver.
While birds rejoice in leafy bowers,
While bees delight in opening flowers,
While corn grows green in summer showers,
I love my gallant Weaver.

Sérénade japonaise

Jane Vieu (15 luglio 1781 - 1955): Sérénade japonaise, mélodie (1903) su testo di Serge Rello. Katherine Eberle, mezzosoprano; Robin Guy, pianoforte.

Mets ta robe d’azur,
Chausse tes pieds fragiles.
Près du bambou flexible
Une source frémit:
Les étoiles s’y mirent,
En des sursauts fébriles,
Comme des yeux de femme
Aux yeux de leur ami!

Viens, Taïmu, descends,
La rosée est divine,
Clair joyau sous la lune
A l’opalin baiser;
Je voudrais l’accrocher
A ta blonde poitrine
Et la prendre à tes cils,
Pour aller m’en griser.

Mets ta robe d’azur…

La lune de cristal
Fait la nature bléme,
C’est l’heure du silence ému!
Le cœur s’écoute mieux!
Il semble que tout s’aime!
Aimons nous! douce Taïmu!

Mets ta robe d’azur…

Greensleeves – XVI

Diego Ortiz (c1510 - c1570): Recercada quinta sobre el passamezzo antiguo: Zarabanda, dal Tratado de glosas (trattato sulle variazioni, 1553). Hespèrion XXI, dir. e viola da gamba Jordi Savall.


Diego Ortiz: Recercada VII sobre la romanesca. Stessi interpreti.

Forse, ascoltando queste recercadas vi sarà venuta in mente Greensleeves: una ragione c’è, ora vedremo di che si tratta.
Passamezzo e romanesca sono danze in voga nel Cinquecento e nei primi anni del secolo successivo. Il passamezzo, di origine italiana, ha andamento lievemente mosso e ritmo binario; sotto il profilo coreutico è molto affine alla pavana, tanto che non di rado, all’epoca, viene con questa identificato: nell’Orchésographie (1588), Thoinot Arbeau scrive che il passamezzo è «une pavane moins pesamment et d’une mesure plus légière». La musica del passamezzo si fonda sopra uno schema armonico caratteristico, non molto dissimile da quello della follia; i musicisti europei tardorinascimentali se ne innamorano e l’impiegano quale base di serie di variazioni e di composizioni vocali: fra gli esempi più celebri vi sono The Oak and the Ash e, appunto, Greensleeves.
Intorno alla metà del Cinquecento, lo schema armonico del passamezzo dà origine a una variante destinata a avere altrettanta fortuna: viene chiamata passamezzo moderno per distinguerla dall’altra, detta conseguentemente passamezzo antico. Nella seconda parte del secolo, a fianco di passamezzo antico e passamezzo moderno entrano nell’uso altre formule armoniche stilizzate, come per esempio quella detta romanesca, dal nome di una danza affine alla gagliarda, di origine forse italiana o forse spagnola. Lo schema della romanesca è quasi identico a quello del passamezzo antico, da cui differisce solo per l’accordo iniziale.
La più antica versione nota di Greensleeves, che risale agli anni ’80 del XVI secolo, si fonda sul passamezzo antico, ma nel volgere di breve tempo viene soppiantata da una variante che adotta il basso della romanesca. Quasi certamente è quest’ultima la ver­sione conosciuta da Shakespeare, il quale per due volte fa riferimento alla «melodia di Greensleeves» nella commedia Le allegre comari di Windsor (ce ne occuperemo presto). La versione originale, identificata nell’Ottocento dal musicografo inglese William Chappell (cui si deve la raccolta Popular Music of the Olden Time, 1855-59), è oggi la più nota e diffusa.

Listening to these recercadas, perhaps Greensleeves will have come to your mind: there’s a reason, now we’ll see what it’s about.
Passamezzo and romanesca were popular dances in the sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries. The passamezzo has Italian origins, slightly fast movement and binary rhythm; the dance is very similar to the pavana, so that in 16th century it was often identified with it: in his treatise Orchésographie (1588) Thoinot Arbeau asserts that the passamezzo is «une pavane moins pesamment et d’une mesure plus légière». The music of the passamezzo is based on a characteristic harmonic pattern, similar to that of the follia; late Renaissance European musicians fell in love with it and used it as a ground for sets of variations and for singing poetry: among the most famous examples are The Oak and the Ash and, precisely, Greensleeves.
Around the middle of the sixteenth century, the harmonic formula of the passamezzo gave rise to a variant that was equally successful: it was called passamezzo moderno to distinguish it from the other, consequently called passamezzo antico. During the second half of the century, alongside the passamezzo antico and moderno, other stylized harmonic formulas came into use, such as for example the romanesca, which took its name from a dance similar to the gagliarda, of Italian or perhaps Spanish origin. The pattern of the romanesca is almost identical to that of the passamezzo antico, from which it differs only in the first chord.
The earliest known version of Greensleeves, dating from about 1580, is based on the passamezzo antico ground, but was soon superseded by a variant adopting the harmonic formula of the romanesca. The latter is almost certainly the version known from Shakespeare, who refers twice to «the tune of Greensleeves» in the play The Merry Wives of Windsor (which we will deal with soon). The original version, identified in the 19th century by the English musicographer William Chappell (who published the collection Popular Music of the Olden Time, 1855-59), is today the best known and most widespread.

Unsuk Chin

Unsuk Chin (14 luglio 1961): Allegro ma non troppo per percussionista e nastro magnetico (1994-98). Solista Ying-Hsueh Chen.


Unsuk Chin: Toccata (Studio per pianoforte n. 5, 2003). Mei Yi Foo, pianoforte.


Unsuk Chin: Mad Tea-Party Ouverture dall’opera Alice in Wonderland (libretto di David Henry Hwang, da Lewis Carroll; 2007). Orchestra Filarmonica di Seul, dir. Myung-Whun Chung.

Le Chant du départ

Étienne-Nicolas Méhul (1763 - 1817): Le Chant du départ (originariamente Hymne de la liberté) per voci soliste, coro e orchestra (1794) su testo di Marie-Joseph Chénier (1764 - 1811). Versione con orchestra di strumenti a fiato e timpani: Antonella Balducci, soprano; Dennis Hall, baritono; Coro e Orchestra della Radio­televisione della Svizzera italiana, dir. Herbert Handt.

Le Chant du départ (testo completo)

La victoire en chantant nous ouvre la barrière.
La liberté guide nos pas.
Et du Nord au Midi, la trompette guerrière
A sonné l’heure des combats.

Tremblez, ennemis de la France,
Rois ivres de sang et d’orgueil!
Le Peuple souverain s’avance;
Tyrans descendez au cercueil.

Chant des guerriers (refrain):

La République nous appelle:
Sachons vaincre ou sachons périr.
Un Français doit vivre pour elle,
Pour elle un Français doit mourir.

Une mère de famille :

De nos yeux maternels ne craignez pas les larmes:
Loin de nous de lâches douleurs!
Nous devons triompher quand vous prenez les armes:
C’est aux rois à verser des pleurs.

Nous vous avons donné la vie,
Guerriers, elle n’est plus à vous;
Tous vos jours sont à la patrie:
Elle est votre mère avant nous.

(refrain)

Deux vieillards :

Que le fer paternel arme la main des braves;
Songez à nous au champ de Mars;
Consacrez dans le sang des rois et des esclaves
Le fer béni par vos vieillards;

Et, rapportant sous la chaumière
Des blessures et des vertus,
Venez fermer notre paupière
Quand les tyrans ne seront plus.

(refrain)

Un enfant :

De Barra, de Viala le sort nous fait envie;
Ils sont morts, mais ils ont vaincu.
Le lâche accablé d’ans n’a point connu la vie:
Qui meurt pour le peuple a vécu.

Vous êtes vaillants, nous le sommes:
Guidez-nous contre les tyrans;
Les républicains sont des hommes,
Les esclaves sont des enfants.

(refrain)

Une épouse :

Partez, vaillants époux: les combats sont vos fêtes.
Partez, modèles des guerriers:
Nous cueillerons des fleurs pour en ceindre vos têtes.
Nos mains tresseront vos lauriers.

Et, si le temple de mémoire
S’ouvrait à vos mânes vainqueurs,
Nos voix chanteront votre gloire,
Nos flancs porteront vos vengeurs.

(refrain)

Une jeune fille :

Et nous, sœurs des héros, nous qui de l’hyménée
Ignorons les aimables nœuds,
Si, pour s’unir un jour à notre destinée,
Les citoyens forment des vœux,

Qu’ils reviennent dans nos murailles
Beaux de gloire et de liberté,
Et que leur sang, dans les batailles,
Ait coulé pour l’égalité.

(refrain)

Trois guerriers :

Sur le fer devant Dieu, nous jurons à nos pères,
À nos épouses, à nos sœurs,
À nos représentants, à nos fils, à nos mères,
D’anéantir les oppresseurs:

En tous lieux, dans la nuit profonde,
Plongeant l’infâme royauté,
Les Français donneront au monde
Et la paix et la liberté.

(refrain)

Méhul, Chant du départ

Shakespeariana – XXX

When my love swears

Oscar van Hemel (1892 - 1981): Four Shakespeare sonnets for mixed choir (1961). Vocaal Ensemble PANiek.

  1. Music to hear (Sonnet 8)

    Music to hear, why hear’st thou music sadly?
    Sweets with sweets war not, joy delights in joy.
    Why lovest thou that which thou receivest not gladly,
    Or else receivest with pleasure thine annoy?
    If the true concord of well-tunèd sounds,
    By unions married, do offend thine ear,
    They do but sweetly chide thee, who confounds
    In singleness the parts that thou shouldst bear.
    Mark how one string, sweet husband to another,
    Strikes each in each by mutual ordering,
    Resembling sire and child and happy mother,
    Who, all in one, one pleasing note do sing.
     Whose speechless song, being many, seeming one,
     Sings this to thee: «Thou single wilt prove none».

  2. No longer mourn (Sonnet 71) [1:32]

    No longer mourn for me when I am dead
    Than you shall hear the surly sullen bell
    Give warning to the world that I am fled
    From this vile world with vilest worms to dwell;
    Nay, if you read this line, remember not
    The hand that writ it; for I love you so,
    That I in your sweet thoughts would be forgot,
    If thinking on me then should make you woe.
    O, if (I say) you look upon this verse,
    When I (perhaps) compounded am with clay,
    Do not so much as my poor name rehearse,
    But let your love even with my life decay,
     Lest the wise world should look into your moan,
     And mock you with me after I am gone.

  3. The little love-god (Sonnet 154) [3:34]

    The little Love-god lying once asleep,
    Laid by his side his heart-inflaming brand,
    Whilst many nymphs that vowed chaste life to keep
    Came tripping by; but in her maiden hand
    The fairest votary took up that fire
    Which many legions of true hearts had warmed;
    And so the General of hot desire
    Was, sleeping, by a virgin hand disarmed.
    This brand she quenched in a cool well by,
    Which from Love’s fire took heat perpetual,
    Growing a bath and healthful remedy,
    For men diseased; but I, my mistress’ thrall,
     Came there for cure and this by that I prove,
     Love’s fire heats water, water cools not love.

  4. When my love swears (Sonnet 138) [5:09]

    When my love swears that she is made of truth,
    I do believe her, though I know she lies,
    That she might think me some untutored youth,
    Unlearnèd in the world’s false subtleties.
    Thus vainly thinking that she thinks me young,
    Although she knows my days are past the best,
    Simply I credit her false-speaking tongue:
    On both sides thus is simple truth suppressed.
    But wherefore says she not she is unjust?
    And wherefore say not I that I am old?
    Oh, love’s best habit is in seeming trust,
    And age in love loves not to have years told.
     Therefore I lie with her and she with me,
     And in our faults by lies we flattered be.

Oscar van Hemel

Triste España

Juan del Encina (12 luglio 1468 - 1529): Triste España sin ventura, romance a 4 voci (1497), dal Cancionero de Palacio (n. 317). La Capella Reial de Catalunya e Hespèrion XXI, dir. Jordi Savall.

Triste España sin ventura,
todos te deven llorar.
Despoblada de alegría,
para nunca en ti tornar.

Tormentos, penas, dolores,
te vinieron a poblar.
Sembróte Dios de plazer
porque naciesse pesar.

Hízote la más dichosa
para más te lastimar.
Tus vitorias y triunfos
ya se hovieron de pagar.

Pues que tal pérdida pierdes,
dime en qué podrás ganar.
Pierdes la luz de tu gloria
y el gozo de tu gozar.

Pierdes toda tu esperança,
no te queda qué esperar.
Pierdes Príncipe tan alto,
hijo de reyes sin par.

Llora, llora, pues perdiste
quien te havía de ensalçar.
En su tierna juventud
te lo quiso Dios llevar.

Llevóte todo tu bien,
dexóte su desear,
porque mueras, porque penes,
sin dar fin a tu penar.

De tan penosa tristura
no te esperes consolar.

Swanee x 3

George Gershwin (1898 - 11 luglio 1937): Swanee (1919) eseguito al pianoforte dall’autore (incisione su rullo per pianoforte automatico). Il brano fu concepito, almeno in parte, come parodia di Old Folks At Home ovvero Swanee River (1851), famosissimo minstrel song di Stephen Foster.


Lo stesso brano cantato da Al Jolson, sul testo originale di Irving Caesar, nel film Rapsodia in blu (Rhapsody in Blue), biografia cinematografica di Gershwin diretta nel 1945 da Irving Rapper.

I’ve been away from you a long time.
I never thought I’d missed you so.
Somehow I feel
You love is real,
Near you I long to wanna be.
The birds are singin’, it is song time,
The banjos strummin’ soft and low.
I know that you
Yearn for me too.
Swanee! You’re calling me!

Swanee!
How I love you, how I love you!
My dear ol’ Swanee,
I’d give the world to be
Among the folks in
D-I-X-I-E-ven now My mammy’s
Waiting for me,
Praying for me,
Down by the Swanee.
The folks up north will see me no more
When I go to the Swanee Shore!


Swanee eseguito dal Banjo-Orchestra, uno strumento meccanico recentemente prodotto dalla D. C. Ramey Piano Company di Marysville, Ohio, sulla base del pressoché omonimo Banjorchestra, realizzato nel 1914 dalla Connorized Music Company, che aveva sedi a New York, a Chicago e a Saint Louis.

Shakespeariana – XXIX

Ivresse de jeunesse

Charles Gounod (1818 - 1893): «Je veux vivre», Juliette’s valse-ariette (waltz song) from the 1st act of the opera Roméo et Juliette (1867), libretto by Jules Barbier and Michel Carré, based on Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare. Natalie Dessay, soprano; Orchestre du Capitole de Toulouse conducted by Michel Plasson.

Ah!
Je veux vivre
Dans ce rêve qui m’enivre
Ce jour encore!
Douce flamme,
Je te garde dans mon âme
Comme un trésor!

Cette ivresse de jeunesse
Ne dure, hélas, qu’un jour!
Puis vient l’heure
Où l’on pleure,
Le cœur cède à l’amour
Et le bonheur fuit sans retour!

Loin de l’hiver morose
Laisse-moi sommeiller
Et respirer la rose
Avant de l’effeuiller.

Rossiniana

Ottorino Respighi (9 luglio 1879 - 1936): Rossiniana, suite sinfonica (1925) su temi di Gioachino Rossini (tratti da Quelques rien pour album per pianoforte). Orchestre de la Suisse Romande, dir. Ernest Ansermet.

  1. Capri e Taormina (Barcarola e Siciliana)
  2. Lamento [6:37]
  3. Intermezzo [13:43]
  4. Tarantella “puro sangue” (con passaggio della processione) [15:41]

Jubilus sancti Bernardi

Johann Rudolf Ahle (1625 - 9 luglio 1673): Jesu dulcis memoria, mottetto per voce, 3 viole, violone e basso continuo (1657). Henri Ledroit, haute-contre; Ricercar Consort.

Jesu dulcis memoria,
dans vera cordi gaudia,
et super mel et omnia
eius dulcis praesentia.
Nil canitur suavius,
nil auditur iocundius,
nil cogitatur dulcius
quam Jesus Dei filius.

Trois Aquarelles

Philippe Gaubert (5 luglio 1879 - 8 luglio 1941): Trois Aquarelles per flauto, violoncello e pianoforte (1921). Leone Buyse, flauto; Desmond Hoebig, violoncello; Robert Moeling, pianoforte.

  1. Par un clair matin: Allegro moderato. Enthousiaste
  2. Soir d’automne: Andante moderato. Mélancolique [6:20]
  3. Sérénade: Asseìez vif [11:15]

Shakespeariana – XXVIII

Ophelia sings

Anonymous (16th century): How should I your true love know, song of Ophelia from Shakespeare’s play Hamlet, act 4, scene 5. Alfred Deller, countertenor; Desmond Dupré, lute.

How should I your true-love know
From another one?
By his cockle bat and staff
And his sandal shoon.

He is dead and gone, lady,
He is dead and gone;
At his head a grass-green turf,
At his heels a stone.

White his shroud as the mountain snow,
Larded with sweet flowers.
Which bewept to the grave did go
With true-love showers.

Cabanel, Ophelia (1883)
Alexandre Cabanel (1823-1889): Ophelia (1883)